Assessment Tools in Forensic Settings! Forensic Assessment Tools for Competency, Malingering and Neuropsychological Screening Presentation for Legal Competency and Restoration Training for Mental Health Experts Paul Simpson, Ed.D., [email protected], February 23, 2012 I. “Why bother with testing?” 1) The tectonic shift of Daubert & Rule ...Abstract. This book presents a set of criminal cases as examples of a scientist-practitioner model for forensic psychological assessment. The cases involve a number of forensic issues, such as ...Forensic assessment is a part of the broader category of psychological assessment. The purpose of forensic assessment is distinct from that of traditional therapeutic assessment, and as such forensic evaluators have different training and practice guidelines. The settings in which forensic evaluations occur are vast, including law enforcement, correctional, and civil and criminal court ...Evaluative reviews are given of specialized forensic assessment instruments for each of several legal competencies. Individual chapters cover problems in assessments for legal competenies, ways to improve the legal relevance of assessments, and legal standards for forensic assessments. They also focus on competency to stand trial, the waiver of ... operations, forensic intelligence is a scalable capability that can be used in various agencies. The core of every intelligence program involves many or all steps of the intelligence cycle . Forensic Intelligence Models: Assessment of Current Practices in the United States and InternationallyThe context in which self-report instruments are used is an important consideration, particularly in forensic evaluations. In this book we provide a review and pertinent research back- ground for the application of the MMPI–2 in seven general forensic settings in which it is frequently used. Abstract. Violence risk assessment tools are increasingly used within criminal justice and forensic psychiatry, however there is little relevant, reliable and unbiased data regarding their predictive accuracy. We argue that such data are needed to (i) prevent excessive reliance on risk assessment scores, (ii) allow matching of different risk ...The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) is a fully structured interview that is designed to assess feigned mental disorders and related response styles. Each of its eight primary scales was constructed to evaluate well-established detection strategies for differentiating between malingered and genuine psychopathology.Forensic assessment is one of the basic building blocks that form the foundation of the practice of psychiatryandthelaw,inadditiontoreport-writing and giving testimony in court. Similar to any foun- dation, the integrity of the process depends on how well each brick is laid upon the other. The 13 areas of functioning addressed by the CAI are the following: Appraisal of available legal defenses. Unmanageable behavior. Quality of relating to attorney. Planning of legal strategy, including guilty pleas to lesser charges where pertinent. Appraisal of the role of persons involved in a trial. Understanding of court procedure.Patients with Axis I disorders often fluctuate markedly in their clinical presentations in forensic and other professional settings. Although such fluctuations could suggest ineffectual efforts at malingering, more likely explanations include confusion or poor insight into psychopathology, imprecision in the assessment methods, or actual changes in symptomatology. An important concern is ... Substance abuse and crime: considerations for a comprehensive forensic assessment “Insuperable fear”, in the legal-criminal sense, entails the well-founded fear of serious, imminent harm, cloudingAbstract. Violence risk assessment tools are increasingly used within criminal justice and forensic psychiatry, however there is little relevant, reliable and unbiased data regarding their predictive accuracy. We argue that such data are needed to (i) prevent excessive reliance on risk assessment scores, (ii) allow matching of different risk ...To evaluate the practical utility and face validity of a new risk assessment guideline, the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START), within a forensic mental health service. Staff attended training and subsequently used the START to assess and formulate risk.Jun 1, 2015 · 3. Quality Improvement in Forensic Practice. Several studies and articles have assessed the quality of forensic psychology and psychiatry practice. 10, –, 16 A review of the literature concluded that the level of practice falls short of professional aspirations for the field, although there have been incremental improvements during the 1990s. 12 No studies to date have observed forensic ... Guideline: The Forensic Assessment S7 180 It is also recognized that policies and procedures will change with the 181 passage of time and from one setting to another. 182 The writing of forensic psychiatric reports is beyond the scope of this 183 guideline. Report-writing is a vast topic in itself, and the reader is Psychologists should be aware of their cultural biases and not allow them to lead to unjust work (Leong et al., 2013; Weiss & Rosenfeld, 2012). To reduce these biases, cross-cultural knowledge ...Jul 16, 2014 · This documentary revolved around a tragic event that occurred on May 7, 2000. In the walkway of the Ramada Inn in Jacksonville, Florida, Mary Ann Stephens, a 65-year-old tourist, was shot at ... Substance abuse and crime: considerations for a comprehensive forensic assessment. 2016 Mar 2;28 (1):48-56. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.790. Juzgados de Plaza de Castilla de Madrid. There is a strong link between drug use and crime, but this relationship is complex. Drug use does not necessarily lead to an increase in crimes, such as theft, rape ...Jan 1, 2011 · Request PDF | Forensic psychological assessment versus clinical assessment: Proposals and challenges for the future | The main aims of this theoretical study were to review and identify some ... Jan 1, 2022 · Forensic assessment instruments must become increasingly sophisticated and must account for differences in measurement risk assessment by gender, age, culture, ability, and sexual orientation. Evaluation of female risk for violence, dangerousness, sexual offending, and recidivism remains relatively uncharted. referred to as violence risk assessment, threat assessment, assessment of risk of harm or, in the field of forensic clinical practice, risk assessment and management. In this article we discuss this process of assessing and managing risk of harm to others in more detail and particularly as it is applied in forensic mental health settings.Jan 1, 2004 · Forensic mental health assessment (FMHA) is a form of evaluation performed by a mental health professional to provide relevant clinical and scientific data to a legal decision maker or the ... Forensic assessment is one of the basic building blocks that form the foundation of the practice of psychiatryandthelaw,inadditiontoreport-writing and giving testimony in court. Similar to any foun- dation, the integrity of the process depends on how well each brick is laid upon the other.Abstract. Psychological assessment is a process of gathering and integration of psychology-related data to make a psychological evaluation by using tools such as tests, interviews, case studies ...Time: 5–10 minutes; 5 minutes to score. Qualification level: S. DETAILS. RESOURCES. PRICING. The M-FAST is a 25-item screening interview for adults that helps assess the likelihood that an individual is feigning psychiatric illness.A trusted reference in the field of psychology, offering more than 25,000 clear and authoritative entries. Diego Rosas Wellmann. Forensic risk assessment refers to the attempt to predict the likelihood of future offending in order to identify individuals in need of intervention. Risk assessment protocols have been implemented in mental health and criminal justice settings around the globe to prioritize risk reduction strategies for those most at need. Jun 1, 2012 · Psychologists should be aware of their cultural biases and not allow them to lead to unjust work (Leong et al., 2013; Weiss & Rosenfeld, 2012). To reduce these biases, cross-cultural knowledge ... Forensic Report 12.1.07. 2013. 5. Personality Assessment Instrument (PAI) was used to determine that Salinger most likely minimized her symptoms at the time in order to portray a more positive and desirable portrait of herself. 6. Historical Clinical Risk-20 (HCR-20) Instant Offense Several days before the incident, Salinger was suffering insomnia. Created Date: 20151209152442ZForensic assessment is a part of the broader category of psychological assessment. The purpose of forensic assessment is distinct from that of traditional therapeutic assessment, and as such forensic evaluators have different training and practice guidelines. The settings in which forensic evaluations occur are vast, including law enforcement, correctional, and civil and criminal court ...The current literature review examines the assessment of malingering in adult forensic populations with a focus on recent applications of measures for identifying feigned psychiatric symptoms. Although a large amount of research on malingering assessment exists, such a review is needed given the limited research on factors thatDepartment of Forensic Sciences, Washington, DC, who is involved in the development of forensic analytical methods of evidential materials. Dr. Bartick completed a Ph.D. at the Institute of Materials Science at U. Connecticut in 1978. He has worked for pharmaceutical, instrument, and a materials production companies doing analytical development.The current literature review examines the assessment of malingering in adult forensic populations with a focus on recent applications of measures for identifying feigned psychiatric symptoms. Although a large amount of research on malingering assessment exists, such a review is needed given the limited research on factors thatNov 30, 2021 · A trauma-informed lens allows forensic mental health examiners to assess examinees in the context of their developmental histories and lived experience. Such a lens also has implications for the entire assessment process in terms of interviewing, psychological testing, diagnostic conclusions, feedback, and the provision of testimony and ... Jun 1, 2015 · 3. Quality Improvement in Forensic Practice. Several studies and articles have assessed the quality of forensic psychology and psychiatry practice. 10, –, 16 A review of the literature concluded that the level of practice falls short of professional aspirations for the field, although there have been incremental improvements during the 1990s. 12 No studies to date have observed forensic ... Abstract. Forensic assessment videoconferencing (VC) is gradually gaining popularity among forensic mental health practitioners. Given the profound impacts of the characteristics of VC on forensic ...Formal Forensic violence or sex offending risk assessments can help to identify violence or sexual offending risk factors and recidivism rates or likelihood to offend or reoffend. While assessments can vary from individual to individual, most times they include testing, interviews, observation, and consultation with one of Insight’s trained ... In some cases, however, the application of a risk assessment tool will benefit the assessed individual. There are at least three ways in which it could confer such a benefit. First, the risk assessment may be used to identify beneficial treatments. Second, the use of a risk assessment tool may facilitate an earlier release or discharge.Apr 13, 2021 · This study analyzes the questions on aspects of child custody, visitation rights, or child endangerment that judges pose to forensic psychologists in family law proceedings. Before conducting a psychological evaluation, the legal question in the referral has to be translated into case-specific, forensically relevant issues. The only overarching principle guiding this process is the “best ... A meta-analysis of the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). Psychological Assessment, 31, 1319–1328. doi: 10.1037/pas0000753 [Google Scholar] Dohrenwend BP, Turner JB, Turse NA, Adams BG, Koenen KC, & Marshall R (2006). The psychological risks of Vietnam for US veterans: A revisit with new data and methods.Abstract. Violence risk assessment tools are increasingly used within criminal justice and forensic psychiatry, however there is little relevant, reliable and unbiased data regarding their predictive accuracy. We argue that such data are needed to (i) prevent excessive reliance on risk assessment scores, (ii) allow matching of different risk ... Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST, Miller, 2001), in a sample of 209 (83.7% male) trauma-exposed veterans (57.9% probable current posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD). M-FAST total scores evidenced acceptable internal consistency, but several subscales showed poor internal consistency. Factor analytic and item-response theoryAbstract. Forensic assessment videoconferencing (VC) is gradually gaining popularity among forensic mental health practitioners. Given the profound impacts of the characteristics of VC on forensic ...Forensic assessment instruments must become increasingly sophisticated and must account for differences in measurement risk assessment by gender, age, culture, ability, and sexual orientation. Evaluation of female risk for violence, dangerousness, sexual offending, and recidivism remains relatively uncharted.May 29, 2013 · Background Malingering is prevalent in PTSD, especially in delayed-onset PTSD. Despite the attempts to detect it, indicators, tools and methods to accurately detect malingering need extensive scientific and clinical research. Therefore, this study was designed to validate a tool that can detect malingering of war-related PTSD by Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). Methods In ... Third-party information in forensic assessment is obtained from sources other than the individual being evaluated, most often from relevant records or interviews of collateral observers. Although ...Jun 1, 2015 · 3. Quality Improvement in Forensic Practice. Several studies and articles have assessed the quality of forensic psychology and psychiatry practice. 10, –, 16 A review of the literature concluded that the level of practice falls short of professional aspirations for the field, although there have been incremental improvements during the 1990s. 12 No studies to date have observed forensic ... Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST): Developed as a screening instrument designed to identify malingered psychopathology. It is a 25-item structured interview that can be administered in approximately 5 minutes. The M-FAST consists of items rationally derived from the literature on partner and a forensic peer specialist. Criminal justice partners . typically come from local law enforcement, pretrial services, or probation and parole agencies. FACT teams maintain close coordination with their criminal justice partners and may involve them in case decision-making. Forensic peer specialists . areDiego Rosas Wellmann. Forensic risk assessment refers to the attempt to predict the likelihood of future offending in order to identify individuals in need of intervention. Risk assessment protocols have been implemented in mental health and criminal justice settings around the globe to prioritize risk reduction strategies for those most at need. About this book. The first handbook to explore forensic assessment from psychiatric and psychological perspectives. "The editors have assembled a magnificent collaboration between psychiatrists and psychologists to bring forth critical knowledge and insight to the core competency of forensic assessment. This handbook is essential reading and a ...Forensic assessment is one of the basic building blocks that form the foundation of the practice of psychiatryandthelaw,inadditiontoreport-writing and giving testimony in court. Similar to any foun- dation, the integrity of the process depends on how well each brick is laid upon the other.Assessment Tools in Forensic Settings! Forensic Assessment Tools for Competency, Malingering and Neuropsychological Screening Presentation for Legal Competency and Restoration Training for Mental Health Experts Paul Simpson, Ed.D., [email protected], February 23, 2012 I. “Why bother with testing?” 1) The tectonic shift of Daubert & Rule ...acceptable current ways of performing these forensic evaluations, and following this Guideline does not lead to a guaranteed outcome. Differing fact pat-terns, clinical factors, relevant statutes, administra-tive and case law, and the psychiatrist’s judgment determine how to proceed in any individual forensic evaluation. The Forensic Psychologist’s Casebook explores the complexities surrounding offender profiling and police investigations. The book contains 16 chapters divided into two parts, with Chapters 1–8 dealing with the context of criminal investigations and Chapters 9–16 providing practical advice to investigators.termine how to proceed in a forensic evaluation. Although treating clinicians may find this Guide-line useful, it is directed toward psychiatrists and other clinicians who work in a forensic role in con-ducting evaluations and providing opinions related to psychiatric disability. It is expected that any clini- operations, forensic intelligence is a scalable capability that can be used in various agencies. The core of every intelligence program involves many or all steps of the intelligence cycle . Forensic Intelligence Models: Assessment of Current Practices in the United States and InternationallyPatients with Axis I disorders often fluctuate markedly in their clinical presentations in forensic and other professional settings. Although such fluctuations could suggest ineffectual efforts at malingering, more likely explanations include confusion or poor insight into psychopathology, imprecision in the assessment methods, or actual changes in symptomatology. An important concern is ...Assessment Tools in Forensic Settings! Forensic Assessment Tools for Competency, Malingering and Neuropsychological Screening Presentation for Legal Competency and Restoration Training for Mental Health Experts Paul Simpson, Ed.D., [email protected], February 23, 2012 I. “Why bother with testing?” 1) The tectonic shift of Daubert & Rule ... These may include three major categories: Wechsler scales for intellectual measurement. Volume 3 • Issue 1 • 100020 J Forensic Leg Investig Sci ISSN: 2473-733X, Open Access Journal DOI: 10.24966/FLIS-733X/100020 fCitation: El-Shenawy OE (2017) Traditional Psychological Tests Usage in Forensic Assessment.This study analyzes the questions on aspects of child custody, visitation rights, or child endangerment that judges pose to forensic psychologists in family law proceedings. Before conducting a psychological evaluation, the legal question in the referral has to be translated into case-specific, forensically relevant issues. The only overarching principle guiding this process is the “best ...PDF | On Jul 1, 2016, Christopher M. King published Forensic assessment II: Conducting the evaluation | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGateforensic psychology is defined broadly as the application of psychological research, theory, practice, and traditional and specialized methodology (e.g., interviewing, psycho-logical testing, forensic assessment, and forensically rel-evant instruments) for the express purpose of providing assistance to the legal system. A BRIEF HISTORY OF FORENSICIn some cases, however, the application of a risk assessment tool will benefit the assessed individual. There are at least three ways in which it could confer such a benefit. First, the risk assessment may be used to identify beneficial treatments. Second, the use of a risk assessment tool may facilitate an earlier release or discharge.Background Malingering is prevalent in PTSD, especially in delayed-onset PTSD. Despite the attempts to detect it, indicators, tools and methods to accurately detect malingering need extensive scientific and clinical research. Therefore, this study was designed to validate a tool that can detect malingering of war-related PTSD by Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). Methods In ...Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST): Developed as a screening instrument designed to identify malingered psychopathology. It is a 25-item structured interview that can be administered in approximately 5 minutes. The M-FAST consists of items rationally derived from the literature on Jan 1, 2022 · Forensic assessment instruments must become increasingly sophisticated and must account for differences in measurement risk assessment by gender, age, culture, ability, and sexual orientation. Evaluation of female risk for violence, dangerousness, sexual offending, and recidivism remains relatively uncharted. Forensic Report 12.1.07. 2013. 5. Personality Assessment Instrument (PAI) was used to determine that Salinger most likely minimized her symptoms at the time in order to portray a more positive and desirable portrait of herself. 6. Historical Clinical Risk-20 (HCR-20) Instant Offense Several days before the incident, Salinger was suffering insomnia.referred to as violence risk assessment, threat assessment, assessment of risk of harm or, in the field of forensic clinical practice, risk assessment and management. In this article we discuss this process of assessing and managing risk of harm to others in more detail and particularly as it is applied in forensic mental health settings.Created Date: 20151209152442ZAAPL Practice Guideline for the Forensic Assessment J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2015 Jun;43(2 Suppl):S3-53. Epub 2015 Jun 8. Authors Graham D Glancy ...Jun 4, 2018 · Problems with forensic reports can be identified via two types of empirical studies: either from surveys and feedback from legal professionals on the quality of reports, or by evaluations of the extent to which reports comply with certain principles of appropriate forensic mental health assessment (Goodman-Delahunty & Dhami, 2013). Miller Forensic Assessment of Children (MFAC) is a comprehensive assessment process designed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the child's mental health and functioning. It is used to assess the child's current functioning, identify the child's needs, and to help develop an appropriate treatment plan.Jan 20, 2022 · ABSTRACT. In forensic mental health care, a risk management plan forms the transition between the assessment and the treatment phase. Research and practice have shown that clinicians often experience difficulties in the transition from assessment to risk management. tication of forensic assessment instruments and forensically relevant instruments1 has increased significantly across these four decades. Since 1A forensic assessment instrument (FAI) is a tool used for the collection of information about a litigant's capacities that are directly relevant to a legal standard, such as "understanding" 4 Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST at PAR) The M-FAST is a brief 25-item screening interview for individuals ages 18 years and older that provides preliminary information regarding the probability that an individual is feigning psychiatric illness. A meta-analysis of the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST). Psychological Assessment, 31, 1319–1328. doi: 10.1037/pas0000753 [Google Scholar] Dohrenwend BP, Turner JB, Turse NA, Adams BG, Koenen KC, & Marshall R (2006). The psychological risks of Vietnam for US veterans: A revisit with new data and methods.Substance abuse and crime: considerations for a comprehensive forensic assessment. 2016 Mar 2;28 (1):48-56. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.790. Juzgados de Plaza de Castilla de Madrid. There is a strong link between drug use and crime, but this relationship is complex. Drug use does not necessarily lead to an increase in crimes, such as theft, rape ...May 27, 2015 · Abstract. Forensic assessment videoconferencing (VC) is gradually gaining popularity among forensic mental health practitioners. Given the profound impacts of the characteristics of VC on forensic ...
Nov 27, 2018 · Anatomy of a Forensic Report. Since the 1980s, the forensic psychology report, as used to evaluate competence to stand trial and offer other clinical assessments for legal purposes, has become increasingly structured in its organization and content. This has been described as its “anatomy.”. Experts have set out guidelines and developed ... . Publikation_amf_verschmelzung anteilklasse.pdf
tication of forensic assessment instruments and forensically relevant instruments1 has increased significantly across these four decades. Since 1A forensic assessment instrument (FAI) is a tool used for the collection of information about a litigant's capacities that are directly relevant to a legal standard, such as "understanding" 4Independently conducts malingering assessment in forensic setting Authors competence to stand trial report on forensic patient, while successfully managing dual roles of treating psychiatrist and forensic evaluator Independently authors a conditional release report on insanity acquitteePsychologists should be aware of their cultural biases and not allow them to lead to unjust work (Leong et al., 2013; Weiss & Rosenfeld, 2012). To reduce these biases, cross-cultural knowledge ...Risk assessment and management: forensic methods, human results† John Baird & Ruth Stocks SummaRy Risk assessment and management is an integral part of modern clinical practice. In this article we discuss best practice in the assessment and management of risk of harm to others. Unstruc tured clinical judgement methods have been Forensic Report 12.1.07. 2013. 5. Personality Assessment Instrument (PAI) was used to determine that Salinger most likely minimized her symptoms at the time in order to portray a more positive and desirable portrait of herself. 6. Historical Clinical Risk-20 (HCR-20) Instant Offense Several days before the incident, Salinger was suffering insomnia. 3. Quality Improvement in Forensic Practice. Several studies and articles have assessed the quality of forensic psychology and psychiatry practice. 10, –, 16 A review of the literature concluded that the level of practice falls short of professional aspirations for the field, although there have been incremental improvements during the 1990s. 12 No studies to date have observed forensic ...Time: 5–10 minutes; 5 minutes to score. Qualification level: S. DETAILS. RESOURCES. PRICING. The M-FAST is a 25-item screening interview for adults that helps assess the likelihood that an individual is feigning psychiatric illness. This textbook is designed for graduate students learning forensic assessment and psychologists coming to forensic practice later in their careers. It is organized around five broad areas: Professional and Practice Issues, Adult Forensic Assessment, Juvenile Forensic Assessment, Civil Forensic Assessment, and Communicating Your Findings. The Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST) is a screening instrument created to assess for potential malingering. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the extent to which the M-FAST total score can differentiate overreporters from comparison groups. Research reports were located through searching ...Time: 5–10 minutes; 5 minutes to score. Qualification level: S. DETAILS. RESOURCES. PRICING. The M-FAST is a 25-item screening interview for adults that helps assess the likelihood that an individual is feigning psychiatric illness.that can inform forensic assessment. In 2010, Griffith and colleagues4 conceptualized the forensic psychiatric report as a performative nar-rative. Although their article concentrated on the written report, it suggested that psychiatrists “lis-tened hard to the voices they heard” (Ref. 4, p 42). The authors also drew attention to aspects of thePsychopathy: Assessment and Forensic Implications Robert D Hare, PhD1; Craig S Neumann, PhD2 Key Words: psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, assessment, violence risk, treatment Psychopathy was the first personality disorder to be recognized in psychiatry. The concept has a long historical and clinical tradition, and in the last decadeCreated Date: 20151209152442ZDec 1, 2009 · In our article, we outline standard methods for the assessment of psychopathy, its association with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and its implications for clinical and forensic issues ... This textbook is designed for graduate students learning forensic assessment and psychologists coming to forensic practice later in their careers. It is organized around five broad areas: Professional and Practice Issues, Adult Forensic Assessment, Juvenile Forensic Assessment, Civil Forensic Assessment, and Communicating Your Findings. for requested forensic evaluation Conducts assessment of malingered psychosis by applying knowledge of atypical symptoms and/or relevant psychological testing Demonstrates proficiency when explaining forensic opinion on both direct and cross examination Assesses appropriate candidates for diversionprograms through evaluation of diversion A trauma-informed lens allows forensic mental health examiners to assess examinees in the context of their developmental histories and lived experience. Such a lens also has implications for the entire assessment process in terms of interviewing, psychological testing, diagnostic conclusions, feedback, and the provision of testimony and ...Book details. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2) is one of the most widely researched and used assessment tools in psychology. Forensic psychologists often rely on it to evaluate clients involved in civil and criminal cases. Because the test results can have a significant influence on court decisions, psychologists ... tication of forensic assessment instruments and forensically relevant instruments1 has increased significantly across these four decades. Since 1A forensic assessment instrument (FAI) is a tool used for the collection of information about a litigant's capacities that are directly relevant to a legal standard, such as "understanding" 4 The Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 1991) is increasingly being used in psychological assessment in the forensic arena. The paper presents an overview of the validation of the negative ...A recent Australian study that examined whether reports involving risk assessments conformed to best forensic practice found that some experts applied unreliable methods of risk assessment and incorrectly reported the results of risk assessment tools (Doyle, Ogloff, & Thomas, 2011). The failure to use and interpret the appropriate psychometric ....